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How Does Machine Espresso Work?

Machine espresso makes use of precise pressure and mind-blowing filter technology to create the coffee we love. What exactly is it?

In order to make espresso hot water is pushed under pressure through finely ground coffee. The process is similar to making drip coffee but the difference is in the pressure.

The Head of the Group

As the name implies the group head is where you place your portafilter while brewing espresso. It is responsible for dispersing the water into the portafilter and then controlling the pressure of the extraction. There are numerous kinds of group heads, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Some are focused on temperature stability, while others on pre-infusion options, and others are designed to control the lever. Some include a mix of features, such as the E61, which is the standard choice for many baristas due to its ability to offer multiple benefits in one package.

As you can see in the photo above the group head comes with numerous notches that you can place your portafilter and then twist it with your hands to secure it. A gasket made of rubber is placed inside the notches, which helps create a seal as you insert your portafilter. The notches on the head permit a precise positioning of the portafilter which is crucial for an efficient extraction.

Apart from allowing you effortlessly insert your portafilter the group head is also responsible to ensure that the temperature remains even. This is achieved by cycling hot water around the portafilter and through the brew basin, ensuring that the temperature is constant to extract the coffee. It is important to remember that even a slight variation can mean the difference between a good and great espresso.

The Pump

Contrary to manual piston machines which use a lever to pressurize water, Machine Espresso rotary espresso machines rely on motorized pumps to supply the nine atmospheric bars of pressure that are required for espresso machine with grinder extraction. This pressure is built up by pumping water through a heat-exchanger and then through the ground coffee.

Pumps are typically less expensive than piston-driven machines and tend to last longer, although both types of machines can degrade with overuse and insufficient cleaning. They also make mechanically complex which can result in costly prices for even the most basic models.

Some espresso machines make use of steam pressure instead of a pump to make espresso. The drawback is that the same boiler that produces steam also increases the temperature of water to the point of boiling which can cause excessive extraction. Additionally the machines often have to restore their pressure between cups, which takes time and energy.

Many espresso machines use an rotary or a vibration pump. A vibration model employs an oscillating disk to create pressure, whereas a rotating model pushes hot water through the ground at a fast speed. Both types of machines can make excellent espresso, but the rotary models are quieter and more durable than vibration pumps.

The Boiler

The boiler is what makes the water warm to a temperature that is ideal to extract. The resulting steam reaches the portafilter that contains the ground espresso coffee and gets funnelled down into the cup. The steam generates enough pressure to push the grounds of coffee through. This creates a crema on top of the espresso. This is the hallmark of a great espresso.

There are three types of espresso machines, each with a different type of pump and the temperature of the brew. There are a variety of ways to control the amount of brew, as well as the size of the cup that can be produced by the machine.

The first travel espresso maker machines were steam type. The first espresso machines were steam-type machines. This resulted in the coffee tasting burnt and bitter. The modern espresso machine was invented by the Milanese manufacturers Luigi Bezzerra & Desiderio Pavoni.

The most commonly used espresso maker is a semi-automatic machine with an electric pump. When people think of espresso machines, they picture these machines. Semi-automatic machines require you to grind and tamp the beans on your own however the pump controls the flow of water and pressure. This is a great solution that combines human control with mechanised accuracy.

The Filter

Espresso machines usually have a filter that separates the grounds of coffee from hot water. The filter is also a vital element of the machine's temperature control, as it prevents overheating.

It also helps with flavor, as a filter allows for a more prolonged bloom time. This lets the beans release their nuances, and allows for a better extraction.

It is important to keep in mind that even the best filter can result in a bad cup of coffee and espresso machine. The quality of the beans, and the extraction process remain crucial.

This is where the magic happens, it's what makes espresso taste great. The grouphead, sometimes referred to as the brew head, is where the portafilter (the thing you put the coffee ground into) is placed when you're making espresso.

Steam-driven espresso machines make use of hot water that is heated inside an airtight container to produce steam. The steam then pushes hot water through grounds of coffee at high pressure. These machines are less expensive and easier for the owner to maintain than pumps-driven models. They are however limited to create the perfect conditions for brewing since they only operate with 1-1.5 bar of pressure. The ideal shot requires 9-10 bars.

In recent years, compressed air-pump-driven espresso machines have been gaining popularity. They make use of an air compressor to force hot water into the ground, and are more mobile than steam-driven electric espresso machines home machines.