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Professional tournament rules vary on the use of the kitchen when a scratch occurs. The other common practice as a result of a scratch is that of the opposing player shooting from anywhere behind the head string, otherwise known as ‘in the kitchen’ or ‘from the kitchen’. Backwards eight-ball, also called reverse eight-ball, is a variant in which, instead of shooting the cue ball at an object ball to force the object ball into a pocket, the player strikes the object ball with their cue so it caroms off the cue ball and into a pocket, in a fashion similar to Russian pyramid. John Wesley Hyatt created the winning replacement, which he created with a new material he invented, called camphored nitrocellulose-the first thermoplastic, better known as celluloid. Balser, Klaus; Hoppe, Lutz; Eicher, Theo; Wandel, Martin; Astheimer, Hans-Joachim; Steinmeier, Hans; Allen, John M. (2004). "Cellulose Esters". Maynard, John Parker (1848). "Discovery and application of the new liquid adhesive plaster". Nitrocellulose film base manufactured by Kodak can be identified by the presence of the word "nitrate" in dark letters along one edge; the word only in clear letters on a dark background indicates derivation from a nitrate base original negative or projection print, but the film in hand itself may be a later print or copy negative, made on safety film.

Cellulose triacetate superseded nitrate as the film industry's mainstay base very quickly. Commercial production started in 1891, but the result was flammable and more expensive than cellulose acetate or cuprammonium rayon. The crucial advantage cellulose triacetate had over nitrate was that it was no more of a fire risk than paper (the stock is often referred to as "non-flam": this is true-but it is combustible, just not in as volatile or as dangerous a way as nitrate), while it almost matched the cost and durability of nitrate. Let’s take a look at some of these in more detail. Below we’re going to take a look at solids and stripes so you can know what color represents what number ball. Guitars sometimes shared color codes with current automobiles. Guitars made by smaller shops (luthiers) also often use "nitro" as it has an almost mythical status among guitarists. However, Gibson still use nitrocellulose lacquers on all of their guitars, as well as Fender when reproducing historically accurate guitars. Because of its explosive nature, not all applications of nitrocellulose were successful.

An owner of a billiard saloon in Colorado wrote to Hyatt about the explosive tendencies, saying that he did not mind very much personally but for the fact that every man in his saloon immediately pulled a gun at the sound. In light of the explosive results, this process was called the "Hyatt gun method". The solubility of nitrocellulose was the basis for the first "artificial silk" by Georges Audemars in 1855, what is billiards which he called "Rayon". This allowed rayon to become a popular raw material in textiles. Nathan Rosenstein invented the "spunize process" by which he turned rayon from a hard fiber to a fabric. Leggat, R. "The Collodion Process". Although triacetate does not decompose in as dangerous a way as nitrate does, it is still subject to a process known as deacetylation, often nicknamed "vinegar syndrome" (due to the acetic acid smell of decomposing film) by archivists, which causes the film to shrink, deform, become brittle and eventually unusable. On a coin operated table, the size of the cue ball is normally bigger than the other balls due to its mechanism. The game is played with 7 solid red balls, 7 solid yellow balls, and a black eight ball.

The yellow or white ball can be used as strikers or cue balls. The shooter shoots the black 8 ball without designating the pocket to opposite team members or the match referee in advance. For one thing, the balls in the playfield will not stand out as starkly as they would on a brighter felt - especially the 8-ball. The last thing anyone wants is to blow the game-winning shotbecause the final ball was camouflaged! The nitrocellulose lacquer yellows and cracks over time, and custom shops will reproduce this aging to make instruments appear vintage. Also, polyester film is so strong, it will not break under tension and may cause serious damage to expensive camera or projector mechanisms in the event of a film jam, whereas triacetate film breaks easily, reducing the risk of damage. Playing on a brightly colored table or a dark, shadowy table may bother some players enough to throw them off, but won’t make any difference to others.