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How Does Machine Espresso Work?

Machine espresso uses precision pressure and mind-blowing filter technology to create the delicious coffee we enjoy. What exactly is it that makes it work?

To make espresso hot water is forced under high pressure through finely ground coffee. The process is similar to making drip coffee espresso machines. However, the pressure is the main difference.

The Head of the Group

The group head is the portafilter that you insert when brewing retro espresso maker. It disperses the water into the portafilter and regulates the pressure during the extraction. There are numerous kinds of group heads, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Some are focused on temperature stability, whereas others on pre-infusion features, and others are designed to control the lever. Some are a combination, like the E61. This is a popular choice among baristas due to the fact that it has multiple advantages in a single package.

As you can see in the image above the group head is made up of numerous notches that you can place your portafilter before twisting it with your hands to secure it. A rubber gasket is located inside the notches, which helps create a seal while you insert your portafilter. The notches on the head permit a precise placement of the portafilter, which is vital for an efficient extraction.

In addition to allowing you easily connect your portafilter, the group head is responsible for maintaining a consistent temperature. This is achieved by cycling hot water around the portafilter, and through the brew-basket, making sure the temperature is always right to extract the coffee. This is crucial, since just a few degrees could make the difference between excellent and great espresso.

The Pump

In contrast to piston machines that are manually operated, which use a lever to pressurize water, the rotary espresso machines use motorized pumps to deliver the nine atmospheric bars of pressure necessary for best budget espresso machine extraction. The pressure builds up by drawing tap water from a reservoir, and pumping it through a heat exchanger prior being pumped through the ground coffee in the group head.

Pumps are generally less expensive and last longer than piston-driven machines. However, both kinds of machines can deteriorate due to overuse and insufficient cleaning. They also make mechanically complex, which can result in an expensive price for even the most basic models.

Some espresso machines do away with the pump completely and make use of steam pressure to make espresso. This can lead to over-extraction as the boiler that produces steam also warms the water to boil. The machines also need to continually rebuild their pressure between cups. This requires energy and time.

A majority of espresso machines use a vibration or rotary pump, which has a vibration model using a rotating disc that generates the pressure and a rotary model pushing hot water through the grounds at high speed. Both machines can make great espresso but rotary machines are quieter, more durable and less likely to fail.

The Boiler

The boiler is the part that heats water to the optimal temperature to extract. The steam that is produced reaches the portafilter which holds the ground espresso coffee and is then funneled down into the cup. In this process, the steam creates pressure and pushes through the grounds of the coffee and espresso maker. This results in a whipped-up top of the espresso. This is a hallmark of a great espresso.

There are three kinds of espresso makers. They differ in the type of pump they use and how hot the brew is. There are many ways to control the brew as well as the size of cup that can be made by the machine.

The first espresso machines were steam-types. They employed one boiler to create both steam and brew, however, the pressure they could create was minimal - two bars of atmospheric pressure maximum. The coffee tasted bitter and burnt. This is why Milanese manufacturers Luigi Bezzerra and Desiderio Pavoni developed the modern espresso machine.

The most common espresso maker is a semiautomatic machine with an electric pump. When people think of espresso machines, they envision these machines. Semi-automatic machines require you to grind and tamp the beans yourself, but the pump regulates the flow of water and pressure. This is a great compromise between the human touch and mechanized accuracy.

The Filter

Espresso machines usually use a filter that separates the coffee grounds from the hot water. The filter is also a vital part of the temperature control system as it keeps the machine from overheating.

It also helps with flavor, since a filter allows for a more prolonged bloom phase. This helps the beans release their nuances and gives an opportunity for better extraction.

It is important to remember that even the finest filter could result in a poor cup of coffee. The quality of the beans and the extraction process, are still very important.

This is where the magic happens, it's the thing that makes espresso taste good. The grouphead (also known as the brewhead) is where you place the portafilter, which is the thingy that you use to put the coffee grounds in, when making espresso.

Steam-driven espresso machines make use of hot water that is heated inside an airtight container to create steam. The steam then pushes hot water through grounds of the coffee under pressure. These kinds of machines are usually less expensive and simpler to maintain than pump-driven models. They are however limited in their ability for creating the ideal conditions for brewing since they only operate with 1-1.5 bar of pressure. The perfect shot requires 9 bar espresso Machine-10 bars.

In recent years, compressed-air-pump-driven compact espresso machine machines have been gaining popularity. They use an air compressor to push hot water into the grounds and are much more portable than steam-driven electric machines.