Autobiographical Memory from Different Life Stages in People With Obstructive Sleep Apnea > 자유게시판

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The present research investigated whether or not autobiographical memory was impaired in individuals with OSA when compared to age- and education-matched healthy controls, and whether or not the recall of autobiographical reminiscences from totally different phases of life was differentially affected. This group of therapy-naïve, reasonable-extreme OSA contributors had increased overgeneral Memory Wave Protocol recall and poorer semantic autobiographical memory recall from the early grownup lifetime period when in comparison with age-matched wholesome controls. Individuals with OSA also had higher episodic autobiographical memory recall from the current lifetime interval in comparison with healthy controls. Across the whole pattern, rising age was associated with a better number of overgeneral autobiographical recollections recalled, and higher depression scores have been related to worse semantic memory. Consistent with our earlier research (Lee et al., Reference Lee, Trinder and Jackson2016), the current research discovered impairments on the AMT in people with OSA compared to controls, with extra overgeneral memories recalled by these with OSA.

Within the study by Lee et al. OSA group were significantly older than the controls; a limitation overcome right here by comparing the OSA members to age-matched controls. This discovering supports earlier research that have reported verbal episodic memory impairments in OSA patients (Twigg et al., Reference Twigg, Papaioannou, Jackson, Ghiassi, Shaikh, Jaye, Graham and Morrell2010; Wallace & Bucks, Reference Wallace and Bucks2013). In support of the research by Lee et al. AMI, with impairments in total semantic, but not episodic, memory noticed in the affected person group. This finding is in step with earlier experiences of impaired semantic memory and intact episodic memory in patients with a number of sclerosis (Paul et al., Reference Paul, Blanco, Hames and Beatty1997). The standard consolidation model proposes that all reminiscences, including semantic autobiographical reminiscences, are indexed and encoded in the hippocampal complex of the medial temporal lobe. Structural neuroimaging studies have found decreased brain volumes in these regions in OSA patients (Morrell, et al., Reference Morrell, McRobbie, Quest, Cummin, Ghiassi and Corfield2003), which is probably going as a consequence of chronic intermittent hypoxia.

There may be a big body of literature implicating severe hypoxia in neonates in impaired encoding of latest episodic recollections, while semantic memory stays comparatively intact (e.g., Cooper et al., Reference Cooper, Gadian, Jentschke, Goldman, Munoz, Pitts and …Vargha-Khadem2015). Quite the opposite, the present study discovered impaired semantic memory in the OSA group, whereas episodic autobiographical memory was preserved. Thus, intermittent hypoxia sustained by grownup OSA patients over months or years before attending the sleep laboratory might have differential effects on hippocampal functioning and the downstream memory processes in comparison with extra severe hypoxia sustained in early life. Sleep fragmentation in OSA has additionally been proven to have antagonistic results on cognitive functioning (Naëgelé et al., Reference Naëgelé, Launois, Mazza, Feuerstein, Pépin and Lévy2006). The consolidation of semantic autobiographical memory depends on non-REM and REM sleep processes (Horton & Malinowski, Reference Horton and Malinowski2015). This sleep-dependent consolidation may be restricted in people with OSA due to their poor sleep quality and fragmented sleep architecture (Guo, Igue, Malhotra, Stickgold, & Djonlagic, Reference Guo, Igue, Malhotra, Stickgold and Djonlagic2013; Horton & Malinowski, Reference Horton and Malinowski2015), with inefficient or disrupted consolidation of sleep dependent reminiscences providing a potential clarification for why semantic autobiographical memory is impaired in individuals with OSA.

Each greater %REM and decrease %NREM have been associated with poorer recall of autobiographical (but not semantic) reminiscences from latest life in the present examine. Nonetheless, why this impairment was particularly accentuated within the early adulthood period is unclear. It is possible that for some participants, early adulthood could have been the period of their life after they developed OSA signs, with the commencement of significant and Memory Wave Protocol persistent sleep disruption impairing the laying down and retention of recollections from that time. Alternatively, this impairment may reflect degradation of remote recollections that were initially successfully encoded, or a working memory deficit, impairing in the flexibility to successfully retrieve these more distant reminiscences (Sweet et al., Reference Sweet, Jerskey and Aloia2010). Better episodic autobiographical memory recall from the recent lifetime intervals in individuals with OSA is an unexpected discovering. It contradicts the recognized impairments in cognition and memory in this inhabitants (Wallace & Bucks, Reference Wallace and Bucks2013), and the episodic memory impairment seen on the AMT.

It is feasible that the OSA patients had been in a position to perform higher than our healthy management group as a result of circumstances surrounding their current events (their hospital visit particularly), where there was extra novelty and salience which may have facilitated encoding. 6.3 points) was below the acceptable vary (7-9 factors) for latest autobiographical memory recall compared to different normative samples; subsequently, a extra correct interpretation of this discovering could also be that the performance of the OSA group is according to that of normative samples, somewhat than being superior. A limitation of the current study was that the presence of a sleep disorder in the management group was ruled out by self-report; due to this fact, it is feasible that among the management contributors had undiagnosed sleep disordered respiration. Throughout all individuals, correlational analysis found that older age was associated with more overgeneral memory recall. Moreover, poorer complete semantic memory recall from the early adulthood stage was associated with larger present depression scores, and lower education was associated with poorer autobiographical memory recall.