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How Does Machine Espresso Work?

Machine espresso uses precision pressure and incredible filter technology to produce the delicious coffee we enjoy. What exactly does it work?

In order to make espresso, hot water is forced under high pressure through finely ground coffee. The process is similar to making drip coffee, however the main difference lies in the pressure.

The Group Head

As the name implies the group head is where you place your portafilter while making espresso. It disperses water in the portafilter and regulates the pressure of extraction. There are a variety of types of group heads, each with their particular advantages and disadvantages. Some are designed to provide stability in temperature, while others are designed to handle pre-infusion. Others are made to control the lever. There are some that come with a range of features, like the E61, which is considered the most popular choice among baristas for its ability to offer multiple benefits in a single package.

As you can see in the image above the group head is made up of many notches in which you can place your portafilter before twisting it manually to secure it. There is also a gasket made of rubber that resides inside the notches and helps create an airtight seal after inserting your portafilter into the machine. The notches on the head allow for an exact position of the portafilter which is vital to ensure a consistent extraction.

In addition to allowing you easily connect your portafilter, the group head is also responsible to ensure that the temperature remains even. It does this by cycling hot water through the brew basket, and around the portafilter, ensuring that it is always at the right temperature for extraction. This is vital, because even a small difference in temperature can make the difference between good and excellent espresso.

The Pump

Motorized pumps in espresso machines rotary provide nine atmospheric bar pressure required for best home espresso machine extraction. This differs from manual piston machines that rely on levers. The pressure builds up by removing tap water from a reservoir and pumping it through a heat exchanger prior being pumped through the ground coffee inside the group head.

Pumps are generally more affordable and last longer than piston-driven machines. However, both kinds of machines can degrade due to excessive use and poor cleaning. Pumps are also more complicated mechanically, which can increase the price of even the most basic models.

Some espresso machines use steam pressure instead of a pump to brew espresso machine with milk frother. This can cause over-extraction because the boiler that makes steam also heats the water until it comes to a boil. The machines must also continuously rebuild their pressure between cups. This requires energy and time.

Many espresso machines use a rotary or vibration pump. A vibration model employs a rotating disk to generate pressure, while a rotary model pushes hot water through the ground at a high speed. Both machines produce great espresso but rotary machines are quieter, more durable and less likely to fail.

The Boiler

The boiler is the component that heats the water to the ideal temperature for extraction. The steam produced reaches the portafilter, which contains the cheap Espresso machine coffee grounds. The steam is then channeled into the cup. During this process, steam creates pressure to push through the coffee grounds. This creates a crema on top of the espresso. This is one of the hallmarks of a great best cheap espresso machine.

There are three types of espresso makers. They differ in the type of pump they use and how hot the brew is. There are a variety of ways to control the brew as well as the size of the cup that can be made by the machine.

The first espresso machines were steam-types. They employed one boiler to create both steam and brew however the pressure they were able to create was minimal - two bars of atmospheric pressure, at most. This resulted in the coffee tasting burnt and bitter. This is the reason Milanese manufacturers Luigi Bezzerra and Desiderio Pavoni invented the modern espresso machine.

The most commonly used espresso maker is a semi-automatic one that has an electric pump. When people think of espresso machines, they envision these machines. Semi-automatic machines require you to grind and tamp the beans by yourself however the pump controls the water flow and pressure. This is an excellent compromise between human touch and mechanized quality.

The Filter

Typically, espresso coffee maker machines utilize a filter to separate out the grounds of coffee as they move through the hot water. The filter is also a vital element of the temperature control system, since it helps prevent the machine from overheating.

It also aids in flavor, since a filter can allow for a longer bloom time. This helps the beans release their flavor and gives an opportunity for better extraction.

It is important to keep in mind that even the most efficient filter can make a bad cup of coffee. The quality of the beans and the extraction process remain vital.

This is where the magic happens, it's the thing that makes espresso taste good. The grouphead, also called the brew head, is the place where the portafilter (the container you place the ground coffee in) is placed when making espresso.

In a steam-driven espresso machine, hot water is heated in an airtight tank to produce steam, which then pushes the hot water through the grounds at a high pressure. These machines are less expensive and easier for the user to maintain than pumps-driven models. They are however limited in their ability for creating the ideal conditions for brewing since they only operate with 1-1.5 bar of pressure. The perfect shot requires 9-10 bars.

In recent times, espresso machines powered by compressed air-pump have become increasingly popular. They make use of an air compressor to force hot water into the ground. They are also more mobile than steam-driven electric espresso machines.