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The exact voltages for a logical 0 or 1 depend on the physical layer used, but the basic principle of CAN requires that each node listen to the data on the CAN network including the transmitting node(s) itself (themselves). An older, but still widely used, high-leg delta system uses three phases with 240 volts phase-to-phase for motor loads, and 120 volts for lighting loads by use of a center-tapped transformer; two of the phases are 120 volts to neutral. This relaxed the timing requirements for systems using controllers built to DMX512-A (E1.11); however, a significant number of legacy devices still employ transmit timing near the minimum end of the range. Distributed Access Architecture (DAA) covers Remote PHY and Remote MACPHY and has as the goal, moving functions closer to end customers, allowing for easier capacity expansions as centralized facilities for equipment are downsized or potentially eliminated, and newer DOCSIS versions beyond DOCSIS 3.1 with higher speeds. An effects loop therefore places the preamp section before any of the pedals that you decide to route through it, while the power amp section remains at the end of the signal chain. By joining NCTC the Tennis Channel was forced to give its signal to Cablevision.

By using digital video compression techniques, multiple standard and high-definition TV channels can be carried on one 6 or 8 MHz frequency carrier, thus increasing the channel carrying capacity of the HFC network by 10 times or more versus an all-analog network. HFC replaced coaxial cable networks which had coaxial trunk cables originating at the headend of the network, and HFC replaced part of these trunk cables with fiber optic cables and optical nodes. Traditionally, since video content was sent only to the home, the HFC network was structured to be asymmetrical: one direction has much more data-carrying capacity than the other direction. The DLC field indicates the data length of the requested message (not the transmitted one). Digital subscriber line (DSL) is a technology used by traditional telephone companies to deliver advanced services (high-speed data and sometimes video) over twisted pair copper telephone wires. Alternatively Remote PHY can allow for a CMTS/CCAP to be located in a remote data center away from customers. This requires more sophisticated optical nodes which can also convert signals from digital to analog performing modulation, unlike conventional optical nodes which only need to convert signals from optical to electrical. This is partly due to the lower overall weight of the system components and partly because the natural stability of the aircraft can be relaxed (slightly for a transport aircraft; more for a maneuverable fighter), which means that the stability surfaces that are part of the aircraft structure can therefore be made smaller.

Distribution amplifiers (also called system amplifiers) can be connected from a bridger port to connect several distribution cables to the trunk if more capacity is needed as they have multiple output ports. The US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has ruled that consumers can obtain a cable card from their local MSO to authorize viewing digital channels. Each channel is centred on a specific frequency carrier so that there is no interference with adjacent or harmonic channels. Control was through a digital computer with three analog redundant channels. Implementations either use mechanical flight control backup systems or else are fully electronic. This signaling strategy differs significantly from other balanced line transmission technologies such as RS-422/3, RS-485, etc. which employ differential line drivers/ receivers and use a signaling system based on the differential mode voltage of the balanced line crossing a notional 0 V. Multiple access on such systems normally relies on the media supporting three states (active high, active low and inactive tri-state) and is dealt with in the time domain.

Achieving the Triple Play: Technologies and Business Models for Success: Comprehensive Report. Remote MACPHY, besides achieving the same purpose as Remote PHY, also moves all DOCSIS protocol functionality to the optical node or the outside plant, which can reduce latency when compared to Remote PHY. The forward-path and the return-path are carried over the same coaxial cable in both directions between the optical node and the home. In countries that have traditionally used NTSC System M, the sections are 52-1000 MHz for forward-path signals, and 5-42 MHz for return-path signals. The return-path or upstream signals carry information from the home to the headend/hub office, such as control signals to order a movie or internet upstream traffic. Control cables mean single-core or multicore cables. Eventually, the bandwidth was widened much further by using laser light signals sent through fiber optic cables. If there are not many fiber-optic cables to the node, wavelength division multiplexing can be used to combine multiple optical signals onto the same fiber.

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