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How Does Machine Espresso Work?

Machine espresso utilizes precise pressure and mind-blowing filter technology to make the coffee we love. How does it work exactly?

To make espresso hot water is forced under high pressure through finely ground coffee. The process is similar to making drip coffee. However, the pressure is the main difference.

The Head of the Group

The group head is the portafilter you place in the espresso maker when making it. It disperses the water into the portafilter, and then regulates the pressure during the extraction. There are many different kinds of group heads each with its unique advantages and drawbacks. Some focus on temperature stability, others on pre-infusion capabilities, and still others are designed to control the lever. There are even some that come with a range of features, like the E61 one, which is the most popular choice among baristas because of its ability to provide multiple benefits in one package.

As you can see in the image above the group head is fitted with several notches. It is possible to place your portafilter in these notches and then twist the head to lock it. There is also a gasket made of rubber that resides inside the notches and helps to create a seal when you insert your portafilter into the machine. The notches on the head permit a precise location of the portafilter which is necessary for an even extraction.

In addition to allowing you to easily connect your portafilter, the group head is responsible for maintaining an even temperature. This is accomplished by cycling hot water around the portafilter, and through the brew basin, ensuring the temperature is always right to extract the coffee. It is important to remember that even a tiny difference can make the difference between a good and a excellent espresso.

The Pump

Contrary to manual piston machines which rely on a lever that pressurize water, rotating espresso machines rely upon motorized pumps that provide the nine atmospheric bars of pressure that are required to extract espresso. This pressure is generated by pumping water through a heat-exchanger and then through the ground coffee.

Pumps tend to be less expensive and last for longer than piston-driven machines. However, both types of machines are susceptible to degrading due to excessive use and insufficient cleaning. Pumps are also more complicated mechanically, which could increase the price of even the simpler models.

Some espresso machines remove the pump completely and use steam pressure to brew espresso. The downside is that the same boiler that produces steam also increases the temperature of the water to the point of boiling which can cause excessive extraction. These machines also have to continuously rebuild their pressure between cups. This takes energy and time.

Many espresso home machine machines employ the rotary or vibration pump, with a vibrating model using a vibrating disc that generates the pressure, and a rotary model pushing hot water through the grounds at high speed. Both types of machine can produce an excellent espresso, however rotary machines are quieter and more durable than vibration pumps.

The Boiler

The boiler is the element which heats the water to the ideal temperature for extraction. The steam created reaches the portafilter, which contains the espresso coffee grounds. It is then funneled into the cup. The steam is able to create enough pressure to push the grounds of coffee through. This results in a whipped-up the top of the espresso. This is one of the main characteristics of a great espresso.

There are three different types of espresso machines, each with different types of pumps and the temperature of the brew. There are also different ways that the brew can be controlled as well as the size of the cup the maker can create.

The first espresso machines were steam-type. They utilized a single boiler to make both brew and steam, however the pressure they were able to produce was not very high - two bars of atmospheric pressure, at most. The coffee tasted bitter and burned. The modern espresso machine was designed by the Milanese manufacturers Luigi Bezzerra & Desiderio Pavoni.

The most well-known espresso machine is a semiautomatic one with an electric pump. These are what people imagine when they imagine an espresso machine. Semi-automatic machines require you to grind and tamp the beans on your own The pump, however, regulates the water flow and pressure. This is a perfect combination of human control and mechanized reliability.

The Filter

Espresso machines typically have a filter that separates the grounds of the coffee from the hot water. The filter is also a crucial component of the temperature control system as it prevents the machine from overheating.

It also helps with flavor, as it lets you enjoy a longer bloom time. This helps the beans to release their flavors and provides the chance for better extraction.

It is important to remember that even the most efficient filter can make a bad cup of coffee. The quality of the beans, as well as the extraction, remain vital.

This is where the magic happens, it's what makes an espresso really taste good. The grouphead, sometimes referred to as the brewhead, is where the portafilter (the container you place the coffee ground into) is located when you're making espresso.

In a steam-driven espresso and filter coffee machine machine hot water is heated in an airtight container to produce steam, which is then pushed through the grounds under high pressure. They are less expensive and easier for the user to maintain than pumps-driven models. However, they are not as efficient in their capacity to create the perfect conditions for brewing, as they only operate at 1-1.5 bars of pressure. While the perfect shot requires 9-10 bars.

In recent years, compressed air-pump-driven espresso machines have been gaining popularity. They use an air-compressor to push hot water across the ground, and are more mobile than electric espresso maker steam-driven espresso machines.